WAEC 2018 Geography Obj And Essay Answer – May/June Expo

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geography obj*

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1a)

The characteristics of manufacturing industries in tropical african countries are :

*concentrated in towns

*Mainly import substituting

*depend on imported machinery/technology

*production of consumer goods

*some raw materials are imported

_____________________

1b)

- Making relevant products: manufacturing industries in-tropical Africa create an environment where the products created for it populace are made with a proper understanding of their needs. 

- Job creation: With vast youth unemployment in the tropical Africa , manufacturing is one of the only sectors next to agriculture that can create a significant amount of jobs for the currently unemployed in these areas.

- Participation in the global economy:

Unlike other countries that have strong manufacturing

sectors, tropical Africa countries is limited in its participation in the global economy.

_____________________

 1c)

The problem of manufacturing industries in tropical African countries are:

*inadequate capital

*poor management

*high taxation

*labour unrest 

*poor quality industrial labour

__________________

2b)

The three factors that have contributed to d high population density in Japan are:

* Aging population: Due to the reduction in birth rate and death rate in Japan, the population density  in Japan has increased

* Lifestyle: The  lifestyle amongst Japanese has contributed greatly to the high population density in Japan

* Economy: Due to the high population density in Japan , the economy of Japan is strain because government struggle to provide pensions.

2c)

i) Insufficient food

ii) Inadequate housing

iii) Traffic congestion

__________________

4)

Characteristics of subsistence agriculture

1. It is mostly practiced by peasant farmers.

2. It involves a small area of land.

3. It involves the use of local tools eg hoe, cutlass etc.

4. There is no specialization.

5. It employs unskilled labour.

6. The harvest returns are small.

7. It usually involves the use of family labour.

8. It involves mainly the production of food crops alone.

9. It provides for the basic needs of the family.

10. There is little or no surplus for sale.

11. Mixed system of farming is usually practised.

4b) ADVANTAGES OF SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

1. Provision of basic needs of the family like food and clothing

2. Small plot of land can be used to cultivate such as the backyard garden.

3. Little or low capital is required to carry out subsistence farming.

4c) DISADVANTAGES OR PROBLEMS OF SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

1. Family labour supply is unreliable because they are not paid for job done.

2. Crude tools are used such as cutlass, hoe and rake.

3. Fragmentation or small farmland is available because lands are owned communally and usually shared among family members regardless of whether they are interested in farming or not.

4. No surplus for sale to earn income. All produce are consumed by the family.

5. Pest and diseases are not controlled.

__________________

(5a)

Draw The

(5b)

(i)It leads to provision of social ammenities

(ii)It leads to inventions and innovations due to

competition among industries

(iii)It leads to development of oganised market

eg cooperative societies

(iv)It leads to attraction of subsidiary industries

(5c)

(i)The turn over of large scale manufacturing

industries is heavy

(ii)Large scale manufacturing industries

employ more people

(iii)Large scale manufacturing industries render

social services more than small scale

manufacturing industries

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