NECO 2018 Human and Regional Geography Essay Answer – June/July Expo

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(1a) 

Define migration: It can be defined as the Human migration by which, is the movement by people from one place to another with the intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily in a new location.

(1b) 

Explain four major types of migration

(i) Internal Migration – It is the moving within a state, country, or continent.

(ii) External Migration – It is the moving in a different state, country, or continent.

(iii) Population Transfer – It is when a government pushed or forces a large group of people out of a country or region. This is usually based on ethnicity or religion. It is also otherwise known as an forced migration or involuntary migration.

(iv) Impelled Migration – It is also called an imposed migration or reluctant migration. A group of people or an individual leaves a country or region because of unfavorable situations due to political, religious, social factors.

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2a)

i-Increases productivity — When transportation improvements increase the accessibility of people and businesses to reach jobs, services, goods, and activities, productivity also increases

ii-Enhances job and labor force accessibility — Another economic benefit of transportation improvements is the resulting larger pool of employees available for the job market

iii-Enhances supply chain efficiency — When businesses are clustered together, it is easier and quicker for them to reach their suppliers and customers. This phenomenon has a positive impact on freight logistics and delivery scheduling. Easier access to needed supplies and materials and faster delivery times to customers can help lower transportation and inventory carrying costs while increasing both productivity and profitability.

Iv-Transportation revolution has therefore significantly improved accessibility of places and therefore bringing more developments and growth. 

V-Market areas therefore become even more extensive as transportation has improved. Similarly, supply areas have expanded. For instance, agricultural production has become more profitable and so wider areas of production are opened up from the central markets.

2b)The Technological Factor:

The technological characteristics of each major transport mode are considered together with a discussion of the effects of technological advances.

(iii) The Physical Factor:

This includes physiographic controls upon route selection, and geological and climatic influences.

(iv) The Economic Factor:

The structure and nature of transport costs are examined, together with service quality and methods of pricing and charging.

(v) Political and Social Factors:

These include political motives for transport facilities; government involvement in capital, monopolies competition, safety, working conditions and coordination between modes, transport as an employer and social consequences of transport developments.

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(3a)

Localisation of industries:-may be defined as the idea and practice of establishing many industries in a particular area for economic, social, geographical or political reasons

(3b)

ADVANTAGE

(i)leads to invention or innovations

(ii)Development of organised markets

(iii)creations of employment opportunity

(iv)provision of social Amenities

DISADVANTAGE

(i)lead to congestion

(ii)Escalate crime rate

(iii)it causes pollution

(iv)it causes uneven development

(3c)

(i)increase in national income:-industrialization allows country to make optimal use of their scare resources. It increase quality and quantity of goods manufactured in that company which make larger contribution to GDP

(ii)High Standard of living:-in an industrialized society workers, labour is worth more in addition,  because of higher productivity individual national income 

(iii)Economic stability:- A nation that depends on  the production and export of raw material alone can not achieve a rapid economic growth. Industrialization is  the best way for providing economic stability

(iv)improvement in balance of payment(BOP):-Industrialization change the pattern of foreign trade in the country. It increase export of manufactured goods, which are more profitable in foreign exchange

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4a)

CLICK HERE FOR 4a DIAGRAM

4b)

i)The Nigeria relief feature plays essential role on the formation of rocks, soil, vegetation and it also has influence the climatic conditions of the areas around it.

ii)The Benue trough could serve as important location for the discovery of oil and gas and other important mineral deposits; most of these mineral deposits (coal) are mined in f Enugu State and in other parts of the country.

iii)Lowlands serve as a comfortable habitat for man settlement; it enables the construction of communication networks like railways, airports, and road and for mounting of telecommunication masks.

iv)Benue trough also favours intensive agricultural activities due to it depositional plains which are rich fertile soil.

4c)

i)crime activities takes place within the trough

ii)lack of security patronage

iii)lack of effective government agency for the development of the trough

iv)lack of modern equipment for agricultural activities around the area

v)excesive flooding

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6a)

(i) ECOWAS has provided a forum for the president of Nigeria to meet with the Heads of other West African States to discuss common problems and find possible solutions;

(ii) free movement of Nigerians to member countries without visas is guaranteed;

(iii) ECOWAS regional gatherings provided opportunities for Nigerians to meet with their counterparts from other member countries to share and promote ideas through sports;

(iv) Nigeria has participated in trade fairs through which her products were advertised;

(v) Nigeria has benefited from the free movement of goods and services; there is always a ready market for the sale of her produce.

(6b)(i)Language barrier

There are three languages that are used for communication within the ECOWAS , that is English, French and Portuguese. For easy communication among members there is the the need for individuals in the region to be able to speak these languages but this is proving to be difficult. This has necessitated the use of interpreters to make people understand each other at summit meetings.

(ii)Widespread Poverty

Many of the member states of ECOWAS are among the poorest of the poor nations in the world. Many of their citizens earn less that a dollar a day. This, in a certain sense is preventing real economic integration of the sub-region while many continue to live in squalor and deprivation.

(iii)Human Rights Abuses

Another problem of the ECOWAS group is the penchant of the member states to abuse the human rights of their citizens. The human rights records of some member states is nothing to write home about. Champions of human rights abuse have cited member states on many occasions over their human rights abuse.Togo was ever cited, Nigeria under Sanni Abacha has ever been cited. This is a problem for ECOWAS.

(iv)Financial problems

The aims and objectives of the ECOWAS can only be achieved when the financial base of the community is solid. However, some member states are not able to honour their financial obligations to the community.This is one problem that has bedeviled the community over the years, especially when it comes to the running of the affairs of the community

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