NECO 2023 Agric Science Obj And Essay Answer – Jul/Aug Expo
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AGRIC OBJ
01-10: BCDDCCAABE
11-20: ECACCEEAAD
21-30: DEEDDCCAAD
31-40: CEEACBAACD
41-50: EDEEACAEDE
51-60: AADACDCCAA
*COMPLETED BY AYOSTUFFS ACADEMY*
🌎 2023 NECO AGRIC ESSAY ANSWERS 🌎
(1a)
{CHOOSE ANY BEST 4}
(i) Security of Tenure: It is to safeguard farmers against unreasonable eviction.
(ii) Ensuring Proper Land Use: This is ensure that agricultural land is not unnecessarily diverted to non agricultural purposes.
(iii) Government Projects: This is to make large tracts of land available for government sponsored development of large scale farms or resettlement schemes.
(iv) Influence on Size of Holdings: It is to prevent land fragmentation and encourage the consolidation of small holdings into large units.
(v) Control of Production: It is to encourage the production of certain produce and curtail the production of other through the control of land use.
(1b)
(i) Education and Training: NGOs conduct workshops, training sessions, and awareness programs to educate beekeepers, farmers, and local communities about the importance of bees and sustainable beekeeping practices.
(ii) Access to Improved Beekeeping Equipment: Many NGOs work to provide beekeepers with modern and improved beekeeping equipment, such as beehives, protective gear, smokers, and honey extractors.
(iii) Research and Development: NGOs often conduct research on bee-related issues, such as bee diseases, habitat loss, and environmental threats.
(iv) Establishment of Beekeeping Cooperatives: NGOs facilitate the formation of beekeeping cooperatives to encourage collective efforts and resource-sharing among beekeepers.
(1c)
{CHOOSE ANY BEST 3}
(i) Tree puller does not compress the soil.
(ii) It does not remove the top soil which is very fertile.
(iii) The removal of the soil cover is avoided, thy retaining mulching effects of vegetative cover.
(iv) Land is less prone to erosive forces.
(v) The organic matter content of the soil is retained.
(vi) It leads to no na destruction of soil structure.
(1d)
{CHOOSE ANY BEST 4}
(i) Topography.
(ii) Soil type.
(iii) Accessibility.
(iv) Water Supply.
(v) Health/Hygiene.
(vi) Nearness to the Market.
(vii) Drainage.
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(3a)
{CHOOSE ANY BEST 4}
(i) Closely related crops do not follow each other in the same sequence, since such crops will be drawing the same type of nutrients from the soil. e.g. Maize should not be followed by rice or sorghum in rotation.
(ii) Deep rooted crops should not follow each other in the same sequence. Therefore, deep rooted crops should be followed by shallow rooted crops. For examples, yam should be followed by maize.
(iii) Crops of the same family should not follow each other, since they will be susceptible to the same diseases and pests. e.g. maize, wheat, rice, sorghum and millet.
(iv) Period of fallow should be included in the rotational course, as thus will help to replenish the soil fertility.
(v) During fallowing, leguminous crops may be planted for building up more nitrogen.
(3bi)
(3bii)
(3c)
{CHOOSE ANY BEST 4}
(i) Formation of soil.
(ii) Source of plant nutrients.
(iii) Construction Purposes.
(iv) Erosion Control.
(v) Obstacles to farm implements.
(vi) Sharpening of farm tools.
(3d)
{CHOOSE ANY BEST 4}
(i) Irrigation softens the soil for easy tillage operations.
(ii) It increase crop productivity or crop yield.
(iii) Irrigation dissolves nutrients for root absorption.
(iv) Irrigation encourages the spread of weed seeds.
(v) Irrigation enables the crop to be well established even when rain is erratic.
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*SECTION C*
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(5ai)
Given: Survey plan area = 1.960 cm²
1 square meter = 10000 square centimeters
Therefore 1.960 cm² = 1.960 / 10000 = 0.000196 square meters
So the area of the farm land is *0.000196* square meters.
(5aii)
Number of mounds = Area of farm land / Area covered by one mound
Number of mounds = 0.000196 square meters / 2 square meters
Number of mounds = 0.000196 / 2 = 0.000098 mounds
So approximately 0.000098 mounds can be made on the farm land.
(5aiii)
To calculate the total number of setts needed for planting on the mounds we need to consider the seed rate of 5000 setts per hectare.
One hectare = 10000 square meters
Number of setts needed = (Area of farm land in square meters / One hectare) × Seed rate
Number of setts needed = (0.000196 square meters / 10000 square meters) × 5000 setts/ha
Number of setts needed = 0.0000000196 × 5000 = 0.098 setts
So approximately *0.098* setts will be required.
(5aiv)
(i) Intercropping
(ii) Crop rotation
(iii) Alley cropping
(5b)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Soil conservation
(ii) Nutrient cycling
(iii) Shade and microclimate regulation
(iv) Windbreaks
(v) Wildlife habitat
(vi) Agroforestry products
(5c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Witchgrass (Panicum capillare)
(ii) Squirting cucumber (Ecballium elaterium)
(iii) Shepard's Purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris)
(iv) Hairy Bittercress (Cardamine hirsuta)
(v) Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis)
(vi) Mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
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(6ai)
-MULCHING-
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Moisture conservation: mulching helps to retain soil moisture by reducing evaporation keeping the soil consistently moist which is important for yam growth and development.
(ii) Weed suppression: mulching helps to suppress weed growth by blocking sunlight and preventing weed seeds from germinating.
(iii) Temperature regulation: mulching acts as an insulating layer protecting the yam plants and tubers from extreme temperature fluctuations.
(iv) Soil erosion prevention: mulching helps to cover the soil surface reducing the impact of raindrops and preventing soil erosion which is crucial for maintaining the soil structure and preventing nutrient loss.
(6aii)
-STAKING-
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Plant support: Staking provides support for yam vines which are climbing plants. It helps prevent the vines from trailing on the ground reducing the risk of diseases damage and pest infestation.
(ii) Improved aeration: By elevating the vine off the ground staking promotes better air circulation around the plant reducing the chances of fungal infections.
(iii) Easy harvest: Staked yam plants are easier to manage during harvest. The tubers are more accessible and can be harvested with minimal damage.
(iv) Space optimization: Staking allows for vertical growth maximizing the use of space and increasing the overall yield per unit area.
(6aiii)
-TRAINING OF VINE-
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Directional growth: Training the yam vines helps guide their growth in a specific direction preventing them from entangling with other plants or interfering with each other's access to sunlight.
(ii) Improved sunlight exposure: Training the vine allows for better exposure to sunlight ensuring optimal photosynthesis and maximizing plant growth.
(iii) Enhanced nutrient uptake: By training the vines they can be positioned closer to nutrient-rich soil increasing their ability to absorb and utilize essential nutrients for better plant development.
(iv) Disease management: Training the yam vine helps create an efficient and organized planting arrangement facilitating disease monitoring and control measures.
(6b)
(i) Elephant grass - Pennisetum purpureum
(ii) Carpet grass - Axonopus fissifolius
(iii) Stylo - Stylosanthes guianensis
(iv) Puero - Pueraria phaseoloides
(6c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Some weeds such as legumes have nitrogen-fixing abilities enriching the soil with nitrogen and improving its fertility.
(ii) Weeds with dense foliage and extensive root systems help bind the soil preventing erosion caused by wind and water.
(iii) Weeds provide habitats and food sources for beneficial insects and wildlife promoting biodiversity on the farm.
(iv) Certain weed species can indicate specific soil conditions such as nutrient deficiencies or soil compaction assisting farmers in identifying and addressing underlying soil issues.
(v) Some weeds attract beneficial insects that help control pests on the farm acting as a form of natural pest management.
(vi) Weeds can be utilized as a source of organic matter for composting or as fodder for livestock contributing to sustainable farming practices.
(6di)
Area of the farmland:
Area = Length × Width
Area = 60m × 30m
Area = 1800 square meters
(6dii)
Plant population in the farmland:
Spacing = 30cm × 30cm
Spacing = 0.3m × 0.3m
Number of plants in 1 square meter = (1m ÷ 0.3m) × (1m ÷ 0.3m)
Number of plants in 1 square meter ≈ 11.11
Total plant population = Area × Number of plants in 1 square meter
Total plant population = 1800 square meters × 11.11 plants/square meter
Total plant population ≈ 19998 plants
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*SECOND D*
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(7a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Genetic qualities: Look for rabbits with good genetic traits such as high fertility high growth rates and disease resistance. Breeding animals with desirable traits will help improve the overall quality of the offspring.
(ii) Health and fitness: Select rabbits that are healthy free from any genetic disorders and have good overall physical condition. This ensures that the offspring will have a better chance of being healthy and thriving.
(iii) Temperament: Choose rabbits with a calm and friendly temperament. This will make handling and management easier as well as contribute to better overall welfare.
(iv) Productivity: Consider the productivity of the rabbits such as their ability to reproduce and raise litters successfully. Look for rabbits with a history of good mothering skills and high milk production.
(v) Conformation: Evaluate rabbits for proper conformation including body shape posture and proportions. Rabbits with good conformation are more likely to have better reproductive success and overall health.
(vi) Diversity: Avoid inbreeding by selecting breeding rabbits from different bloodlines. This helps maintain genetic diversity which can contribute to stronger and healthier offspring.
(7b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Temperature control
(ii) Humidity control
(iii) Egg turning
(iv) Ventilation
(v) Egg monitoring
(vi) Egg handling
(7c)
(i) Temperature
(ii) Diet
(iii) Physiological state
(iv) Activity level
(7d)
(i) Amylase
(ii) Proteases
(iii) Lipase
(iv) Nucleases
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(8a)
(i) Blood carries nutrients and oxygen from the digestive system and lungs to various tissues and organs of the body ensuring proper nutrition and oxygenation.
(ii) Blood carries metabolic waste products such as carbon dioxide and urea to organs like the lungs and kidneys for elimination from the body.
(iii) Blood contains white blood cells that help in fighting against diseases and infections by identifying and destroying pathogens.
(iv) Blood plays a role in maintaining the body's temperature through heat distribution throughout the body and heat exchange with the environment.
(8bi)
-Hides-
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Hides are used to produce high-quality leather which is used in the manufacturing of shoes belts bags and various other leather products.
(ii) Hides can be used in meat processing such as in the production of gelatin and edible collagen.
(iii) Hides of certain animals like fur-bearing animals are used in the production of fur garments and accessories.
(iv) Hides can be exported and traded internationally contributing to the economy.
(8bii)
-Eggs-
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Eggs are a significant source of protein and other essential nutrients making them a valuable part of human diet.
(ii) Eggs are used in various food products such as baking confectionery and pasta production.
(iii) Eggs can be exported and traded locally and internationally providing opportunities for economic growth.
(vi) Eggshells can be used in various applications such as for calcium supplements fertilizer production and even in waste treatment processes.
(8biii)
-Tail-
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Tails of certain animals like cows and pigs are used in recipes to add flavor and richness to dishes such as in soups and stews.
(ii) Animal tails can be used in the production of pet food or treats providing a source of nutrition for animals.
(iii) Traditional Medicine: Tails of certain animals have been used in traditional medicine for their perceived health benefits.
(iv) Tails can be used in the manufacturing of products like brushes ornaments and even fashion accessories.
(8ci)
IODINE
-One function-
(i) Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones which are responsible for regulating the body's metabolism and growth.
-One deficiency symptom-
(i) Iodine deficiency can lead to the development of a condition called goiter where the thyroid gland becomes enlarged. Other symptoms may include hypothyroidism impaired mental development and decreased fertility.
(8cii)
MAGNESIUM
-One function-
(i) Magnesium plays a crucial role in various physiological processes such as muscle and nerve function DNA synthesis energy production and maintaining normal heart rhythm.
-One deficiency symptom-
(i) Magnesium deficiency can lead to symptoms such as muscle cramps tremors weakness fatigue abnormal heart rhythms and calcium and potassium imbalances.
(8ciii)
CALCIUM
-One function-
(i) Calcium is vital for the development and maintenance of strong bones and teeth. It also plays a role in muscle function nerve transmission and enzymatic reactions within the body.
-One deficiency symptom-
(i) Calcium deficiency can result in weakened bones and teeth leading to conditions like osteoporosis and dental problems.
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*SECTION E*
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(9a)
To calculate the number of days it took for the work to be done in 2017:
In 2015, six labourers completed the work in ten days. Let's assume that the total work required to prepare the farmland is "W" units.
Work done in 2015 = W units
Number of labourers in 2015 = 6
Number of days in 2015 = 10
In 2017, only four labourers were available. Let's assume the number of days it took to complete the work in 2017 is "d" days.
Work done in 2017 = W units
Number of labourers in 2017 = 4
Number of days in 2017 = t (to be determined)
Now, we know that the amount of work done in both years is the same (W units). Therefore, we can set up the following equation based on the work equation:
Work done in 2015 = Work done in 2017
6 labourers x 10 days = 4 labourers x d days
Now, solve for "d":
6 x 10 = 4 x d
60 = 4d
d = 60 / 4
d = 15
Therefore, it took 15 days for the work to be done in 2017.
If 4 people worked together for 15 days, we can calculate the total work done in terms of man-days as:
Total work done = Number of people x Number of days
Total work done = 4 people x 15 days
Total work done = 60 man-days
*So, if 4 people worked together for 15 days, the total work completed would be 60 man-days.*
(9aii)
(i) Family Labor
(ii) Hired or paid labour
(9aiii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Labour Attendance Record
(ii) Labour Wage and Payment Record
(iii) Work Done Record
(iv) Safety and Health Record
(9b)
(i) Wholesalers
(ii) Retailers
(iii) producers
(iv) cooperative societies
(9c)
(i) Limited access to modern equipment and resources in rural areas hinder exytension workers in promoting new agricultural technologies or practices
(ii) High level of illiteracy among farmers may slow down the rate of adoption of new innovations
(iii) Poor infrastructure, such as bad roads and limited transportation, can hinder extension workers' mobility and accessibility to remote rural communities.
(iv) Unfavourable attitude of rural farmers toward government programmes, makes adoption of new innovations difficult.
(v) Language barrier leads to improper dissemination of new innovations
(vi) Inadequate resources such as finance and materials tend to hinder his performance.
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(10a)
Scale of preference refers to a ranking or order of individuals' preferences for different goods and services. It represents the way people make choices based on their desires and needs, given their limited resources or income. In essence, individuals assign relative importance to various options and make decisions to maximize their utility or satisfaction.
(10bi)
To calculate the elasticity of demand, we use the formula:
Elasticity of demand = Percentage change in quantity demanded / Percentage change in price
Given data:
Quantity demanded in 2012 (Q1) = 59,800 grape fruits
Price in 2012 (P1) = N450 per basket
Quantity demanded in 2018 (Q2) = 28,500 grape fruits
Price in 2018 (P2) = N750 per basket
Now, calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded:
Percentage change in quantity demanded = (Q2 - Q1) / Q1) x 100
Percentage change in quantity demanded = (28,500 - 59,800) / 59,800) x 100
= -31,300/59,800 x 100
= -0.52 x 100
= -52
Percentage change in quantity demanded ≈ -52%
Next, calculate the percentage change in price:
Percentage change in price = ((P2 - P1) / P1) x 100
Percentage change in price = ((750 - 450) / 450) x 100
= 300/450 x 100
= 0.67 x 100
= 67
Percentage change in price = 67%
Now, calculate the elasticity of demand:
Elasticity of demand ≈ (-52% / 67%) = -0.76
(10bii)
The demand for grape fruits is inelastic. This is because the calculated elasticity of demand (-0.76) is less than 1.
(10biii)
(i) Price of Substitutes
(ii) Consumer Income
(iii) Consumer Preferences and Tastes
(10biv)
(i) Sales Record
(ii) Inventory Record
(10c)
(i) Visual Learning: Demonstrations offer a visual learning experience, making it easier for the audience to understand complex concepts and techniques through practical examples.
(ii) Active Participation: Demonstrations encourage active participation, allowing the audience to engage directly in the learning process by observing and performing tasks.
(iii) Practical Skills Development: Participants can learn and practice specific skills in real-time, enhancing their competency and confidence in applying the knowledge in their own settings.
(iv) Better Retention: Visual and hands-on learning experiences are known to improve information retention, as participants can see and experience the subject matter firsthand.
(v) Problem-Solving Opportunities: Demonstrations provide opportunities for participants to observe problem-solving techniques and responses to challenges, which they can apply in similar situations.
(vi) Addressing Language Barriers: Demonstrations can transcend language barriers, as they rely more on visual cues and actions rather than verbal communication, making them suitable for diverse audiences.
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