NECO 2022 Government Obj And Essay Answer – July/Aug Expo

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GOVERNMENT OBJ

1-10: BBCDCBDABA

11-20: EEBCCEBEAA

21-30: BADDAEDDAA

31-40: ACCBADEBDA

41-50: DEDCCBAAEA

51-60: BBEBADCCAA

NECO GOVERNMENT ANSWER

*ANSWER FIVE QUESTIONS IN ALL, TWO FROM (SECTION A) & THREE FROM (SECTION B)*

 SECTION A

 NUMBER ONE

(1a)

A bill is a proposed law under consideration of the legislative arm which later be passed into law by the approval of the executive.  

(1b)

(i) First reading: 

This is the first stage of passing bill into law which requires the presentation of the drafted bill to the parliament. The bill is read to the hearing of the members of the legislature by the clerk of the house. After the title of the bill is read and there is no opposition, it will be printed into leaflets and distributed among the members for proper assessment before the second reading.

(ii) Second reading:

This is the stage which the bill will be deliberated and debated on. The presenter of the bill will be invited to explain the purpose of the bill and defend it. After which, the members will vote the bill to the next stage. If the bill receives majority votes, it will move to the next stage and if not, it will end without any amendment.

 

(iii) The committee stage: 

Here, the bill is passed to one or more committees in the house for necessary amendment and discussion. There are different committees in the house which deliberate on different matters.

(iv) Report stage: 

This is the stage in which the various findings about the bill will be documented during the of amendment. The findings or reports about the bill will be read by the speaker or Chairman of the standing committees.

(v) Third reading: 

This is the last stage in which proper assessment and scrutinization will be carried out to ensure that the bill is properly amended. During this stage, another and final vote will be carried out before the bill is presented to the executive for approval. Once the assent is given to the bill by the executive president, then it bcomes law

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 SECTION A

 NUMBER TWO

(2)

(i) State of emergency:

When a state of emergency is declared in a country or state, citizens will find some of their rights denied in order to restore peace and order. 

(ii) Custom and tradition:

The application of the rule of law may be limited in some cases when the custom and tradition of the people must be respected and preserved. 

(iii) Diplomatic immunity:

Due to the fact that ambassadors and high commissioners enjoy some immunities and cannot be prosecuted or punished in the country where they are serving also pose a great limitation to the application of the rule of law.

(iv) Legislative immunity:

This also undermines the application of the rule of law due to the fact that the members of the parliament cannot be sued or prosecuted for any false or libellous statement made in the house whereas an ordinary man on the street can be punished for the same statement.

(v) Delegated legislation:

The delegation of law making power to some bodies other than the legislature often brings about complexity of law and abuse of such power which may lead to violation of fundamental human rights of the citizens even without the opportunity of seeking redress. 

(vi) The type of government: 

The type and system of government practiced in a country will determine the degree of the application of the rule of law. In a country where military or unitary system of government is adopted, there will be minimum application of the rule of law.

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(4)

- Organizing and Conducting Elections: The Electoral commission has the sole responsibility of organizing and conducting all elections in a political system.

- Ensuring free and fair elections: It is also the specific duty of the commission to conduct Free and Fair Elections in a country.

- Announcement of Election Results: The body only, is permitted by law to announce election results.

- Honesty and Fair Play: An electoral commission is expected to be honest and just in decision making especially with the conduct of the elections.

- Headed by a Chairman: The commission is controlled by the chairman, while other members are appointed.

- Fixed Tenure of Office: The composition of the electoral commission has a stipulated tenure of office.

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 SECTION B

 NUMBER FIVE

(5)

(i) Free and fair election:

Democracy is Characterised by regular and periodic free and fair election. In a democratic state, the citizens cast their votes and elect those that will represent their interest in various political offices as a means of indirect participation in running the affairs of the state but in a military system, it is devoid of free and fair election but selection by the supreme leader.

(ii) Application of rule of law: 

Democracy recognizes the equality of all citizens or classes of people in the country regardless of their economic, political or social status as it is expressed by the rule of law and due process. 

(iii) Existence of political parties: 

Democracy recognizes the establishment and existence of political parties preferably multiple party system in which individual parties present candidates who compete for power in the general election. 

(iv) Existence and respect of fundamental human right:

In a democratic system of government, fundamental human rights are recognized, protected and respected in all aspects of life which is not respected in the military system. 

(iv) Supremacy of the constitution: 

Democracy recognizes the supremacy of the constitution which determine the operationa and functions of all sectional groups and organizations in the state, showing that nobody is above the law but the constitution.

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 SECTION B 

 NUMBER SIX

(6a)

A local government authority is an organization that is officially responsible for all the public services and facilities in a particular area.

(6b)

[PICK ANY FIVE]

(i) Statutory functions:

The local governments were given specific statutory functions to perform.

(ii) Single tier: 

All the local governments were made all- purpose single tier local government.

(iii) Appointment: 

There was the appointment of full-time chairmen and supervisory councillors.

(iv) Condition of service: 

The condition of service oflocal government staffwasunified with that of their counter-parts in state and federal civil service.

(v) Grants: 

Federal and state governments were made to give grants to local governments.

(vi) Uniform system of local government:

There was the introduction of a uniform system oflocal government throughout the country.

(vii) Federal government involvement: 

The federal government became directly involved in local government administration.

(viii) Service board/ commission: 

There was the introduction oflocal government service board/commission in all the states.

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 SECTION B

 NUMBER SEVEN

(7)

(i)Preservation of existing cultural values: 

The system of indirect rule was a success in the North because it preserved the existing cultural values of the native and also assisted in improving them to gradually accept or adapt to a modern system of government.

(ii) The imposition and collection of tax: 

The administration of indirect rule took the issue of tax collection very serious which was already in existence in the North.

(iii) Illiteracy: 

Majority of the people in the North were illiterate as such they could not resist or challenge the colonial imposition or rule of the foreign power. 

(iv) Centralization of power: 

The administrative system in the North was highly centralised and it was thus adopted and accepted by the British through the use of the indirect rule. 

(v) Obedience to traditional authorities:

Northern had great respect to constituted authorities and that made it easy for the indirect rule to be used to govern the people.

(vi) Training of local administrators: 

The indirect rule aided in the training of the local leaders in the North in its method of administration.

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 SECTION B 

 NUMBER EIGHT

(8)

(i) Membership of the House of Representatives: 

This House will have 320 members and was to be elected by universal adult suffrage in the east, west and southern Cameroun and by adult male suffrage in the North.

(ii) Appointments of premier: 

The governor of the region should appoint as premier the person that commanded a majority in the House of Assembly

(iii) Self Government: 

The Eastern and western regions were to be self governed in August 1957 while the North was to become self governing in 1959

(iv) Appointments of ministers: 

The governor's would appoint ministers on the advise and recommendation of the premier. 

(v) Appointments of regional governors: 

The Queen would appoint a regional Governor, on the advise of the United kingdom ministers with due consultation from the regional government concerned.

(vi) Status of a region:

The southern Cameroun was to have the status of a region with its own premier. The Governor-general of Nigeria would however, continue to have ultimate responsibility for it as a trusty territory.

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SECTION B

(NUMBER 10)

(i)Administrative function:  The secretary-general oversees the UN Secretariat, which functions as the United Nations’ executive office and handles operations, including research, translation, and media relations. The Secretariat has a staff of more than thirty-six thousand.

(ii)Human Resources: The secretary-general appoints undersecretaries for approximately fifty UN posts, including the heads of funds such as the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and UN Development Program (UNDP).Secretary-general’s play a vital role in ensuring broad regional representation in UN leadership.

(iii) maintenance of peace/security: The secretary-general’s office oversees peacekeeping missions and appoints the undersecretary in charge of that department, which manages a dozen operations worldwide. He brings to the attention of the security council any matter which, in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of world peace and security

(iv) Appointment of staff and conference: The secretary General play a vital role in appointing of staff and organising of international conference. The secretary general appoints other members of staff under the guidance of the General Assembly. He organises  international conference on problems of world wide concern eg UNICEF

(v)Agenda, Annual Report  and Budget: The Secretary General prepare the agenda for the General Assembly. He makes the annual reports to the General Assembly on the work of the United Nations. The annual budge of the organisation is also prepared by the secretary  General.

(vi)Mediation:  As part of the “good offices” responsibility of the position, the secretary-general practices independence and impartiality to prevent and limit conflict.The secretary-general also appoints envoys charged with brokering peace deals. Such envoys report to the Security Council, and their appointments can be influenced by the preferences of the council’s members.

 

*GOVERNMENT ESSAY INSTRUCTIONS*

Answer Five Questions in All, Two From Section A and Three From Section B.

*SECTION A*

QUESTION 1

QUESTION 2

QUESTION 3

*SECTION B*

QUESTION 4

QUESTION 5

QUESTION 6

QUESTION 7

QUESTION 8

*COMPLETED.*